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;，b 7（1932），265 ffthe older literature is given by vasiliev，history 214，note 57aordg to zenghelis the a gredient was saltpetre， that callic&r;disvery anticipated the later vention of gunpowder

[89]dolr，reg239

[90]theophanes 356（cfnicephor 33）cfsisic，povijest 270 f，who is doubtless right thkg that the wordsrefer to the leaders of the slav tribes the byzante west，and thatiplies slav regnition of the authority of the byzante eperor return for which he nfird their possession of the lands which they were oupyg

[91]cfjoravcsik，&l;zur schichte der onoguren&r;，ungarische jahrb10（1930），53 ff，and the full bibliography byzantoturcica 1，2nd ed，112 ff

[92]theophanes a6171=679/80（not 678/9;rrespondg to ostrogorsky，&l;chronologie&r;1 ff）。

[93]theophanes 359，7 ff；nicephor 35，15 ff

[94]theophanes 359，7 ff，describes the seven slav tribes，and it is ite clear，especially fro theoph359，20（where the byzante eperor is pelledto the bulgars）thatis not&l;treaty&r;，as zlatarski，istorija i，1（1918），142 ff，tries to show，but&l;tribute&r;，as rightly ataed by jdujcev，&l;protobulgares et slaves&r;，sekond10（1938），145 ff，who al rrectly adds that aordg to theophanes the obligation to pay tribute did not exend to the severevertheless，the latest history of bulgaria，publi射d by the bulgarianulgarija，fia，1954，p65），speaks of an alliance which the protobulgars are said to have ade with the slavs，and even with the slav statecfal danlov and andreev，istorija na buulgarskata duu