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&r;heracli en perse&r;，reb 11（1953），88 ff

[50]on the probles ncerng the rise of sao&r;s epire see bgrafenauer，&l;novejsa literatura o sau njeni problei&r;（recent literature on sao and its probles），zgodovski capis 4（1950），151 ff

[51]nicephor 24，9，who al states（p12，20）that kuvrat&r;s uncle ana，the founder of the federation of bulgarian tribes the northern caucas，visited nstanle 619，aepted christianity and was given the title of patricianapparently kuvrat was aongst his followers on that oasion and was left behd nstanle as a hosta;john of nikiu（edzotenberg，p460）rerds that kuvrat grew up at the iperial urt and aepted christianity while he was still a childcfgostrogorsky，&l;the byzante epire the world of the seventh century&r;，dop 13（1959），15 ff

[52]de adip，c29-36，pp122-64（edoravcsik-jenks）。

[53]the reliability of this aount has been criticized by ed&uul;ler，sbdwiener akad20（1856），357 ff，by fracki，knijzevnik 1（1864），36 ff，and rad jugoslakad52（1880），141 ff，and especially by vjagic，archiv fslavphilol17（1895），47 ff，with the result that it has been nerally aepted-ntrary to the aount of nstante porphyronti-that the croats and serbs perated to the balkans about the year 600 torther with the other slav tribes spite of the objections of certa scholars，notably kgrot，izvestija konstanta bagrannorodnogo o serbach i chorvatach（the evidence of nstante porphyronit ncerng the serba and croats）（1880），kklajic，povest hrvata 1（history of croatia）（1899），30 ff，and radj